Sreeramula Rajeswara Sarma was born in 1937 at Ulichi, now in Andhra Pradesh, to Sri Sreeramula Subrahmanya Sastri and Srimati Sreeramula Sakunthalamma. He is married to Dr. phil. Renate Sarma; they have a son, Ananda Vardhana Sarma, LL.M.

B.A. (English, Sanskrit, Mathematics), Sir C. R. R. College, Eluru / Andhra University, 1957.
M.A. (Sanskrit), Visva Bharati, Santiniketan, 1959.
Dr.phil. (Indology), Philipps Universität, Marburg, 1966 (Dissertation: The Pūrvagaṇita of Āryabhaṭa’s (II) Mahāsiddhānta. Edited and translated).

Department of Sanskrit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh: Lecturer (Sept 1969); Reader (Jan 1983); Professor (June 1993, until retirement in Jan 1997).

German Academic Exchange Service scholar: Indisch-Ostasiatisches Seminar, Philipps Universität, Marburg (Dec 1962-June1966); (May-July 1972).
Institut für Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität, Frankfurt (Dec 1995-Feb 1996).

Visiting Associate Professor, Department of History of Mathematics, Brown University, Providence (July 1992-June 1993).
Visiting Professor, UFR Orient et Monde Arabe, Université de Paris III, Paris (Sept-Oct 1994).
Visiting Professor of History of Indian Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto (Jan-June 2002).
Visiting Professor, Department of Asian Studies, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (Sept 2003-May 2004).
Visiting Scholar, Department of History of Mathematics, Brown University, Providence (May-June 2004).
Visiting Professor, Department of Sanskrit and Indian Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge (Spring Semester: Feb-June 2005).
Visiting Professor of History of Indian Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto (Oct 2013-March 2014).

Mahāmahopādhyāya Dr. P. V. Kane gold medal for the years 2013-2015 from the Asiatic Society of Mumbai.